Treatment

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Treatment services for individuals with a substance use disorder diagnosis include assessment, the development of a treatment plan, implementation of the treatment plan, evaluation, case management, extended care, and monitoring. Programs vary in length and intensity, and they may include approaches like medical stabilization/detox, counseling and behavioral healthcare, and rehabilitation services. In treatment, the ASAM Criteria (American Society Of Addiction Medicine) is the most widely used and comprehensive set of standards for placement, continuation of services, and determining levels of care for individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorder. Level of care recommendations and treatment plans are developed based on multidimensional patient assessments that consider the patient’s medical, psychological, and social needs to help determine what services are a best fit to meet individual and/or patient needs. Additionally, when utilizing ASAM criteria, these guideline assessments take into account an individual's strengths, needs, resources, and recovery capital. Levels of care/continuum of care include:

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(Figure 1 ASAM American Society Of Addiction Medicine, 2024)

In SAFE Solutions, treatment themes, which are addressed below, are tightly linked to issues addressed across the full spectrum of the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Continuum of Care, and the reader is strongly encouraged to read each of the other five overview articles. Three clusters of treatment articles are provided.

The first menu, "Focus on Effective Treatment," addresses general treatment themes. The second menu details considerations on Medicated Assisted Treatment (MAT)/Medicated Assisted Recovery (MAR), and the last menu addresses treatment concerns linked to the criminal justice system.

Articles which focus on MAT/MAR include:

More than half of those in U.S. prisons and jails meet the criteria for substance use disorders, so correctional institutions are looking for best practices which they can use to help handle the increased demand for substance use treatment, including diversion and drug courts, treatment while incarcerated, and reentry services. Articles which focus on criminal justice involvement include: